Views of Modern-Contemporary Muslim Philosophers

 

Muhammad Iqbal was born in Sialkot, one of the historic old cities in Punjab, in 1876. This city is located on the border of West Punjab and Kashmir, and came from a family that was not very rich. His ancestors came from the Kashmir Valley, and his father, a civil servant and later a merchant, was a devout Muslim with a penchant for Sufism. Iqbal started studying at a madrasa (maktab) and then went to secondary school.

After graduating from the University of Munich in Germany in 1908, Iqbal returned to Lahore to work as a lawyer and teach philosophy. His lectures at several universities in India resulted in his book Reconstruction of Religion in Islam.

He then entered the world of politics and was elected president of the Muslim League in 1930. He participated in the Round Table Negotiations in London twice. Additionally, he attended an Islamic conference in Jerusalem. He was invited to Afghanistan in 1933 to speak about the creation of Kabul University.

Insan Kamil according to Muhammad Iqbal

According to Iqbal, a person must be able to absorb the attributes of God within himself, and after the attributes of God are absorbed within him, a person can reach the level of Insan al-Kamil. This does not mean that humans merge with God, because if it is understood like that, human personality will disappear. This shows that God should enter into humans.

According to Iqbal, a kamil human is a believer who is moral and has spiritual and religious abilities. The believer absorbs and appreciates Divine morals at all times to increase his inner strength. In The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Iqbal calls the ideal human being human perfection; some translators interpret it as insan kamil.

Iqbal's philosophy focuses on the concept of Insan Kamil (Perfect Man), which, along with the concept of Khudi (Selfness, Ego), places all his trust in humans, whom he considers to have unlimited possibilities and the desire to change the world. Iqbal himself believes that the main goal of life is to form Human Beings, and everyone must achieve this. To form Insan al-Kamil, a person's ego must be increased, not weakened.

Love (Ishq):

Every human being must have love; love has an active power that makes a person have a strong spirit. If love can foster a sense of ego, then everything that prevents humans from actualizing themselves and achieving their potential can be overcome. Love here is the love of humans for their God, which surpasses everything, not physical love or unimportant mystical pursuits.

Courage

He believes that cultivating courage is important to build a strong Insan al-Kamil concept. Because if courage dissolves within a human being, there will be no fear of defending the truth. In this way, the Insanal-Kamil degree can be achieved.

Tolerance

According to Muhammad Iqbal, tolerance is an attitude of respect (respect) for truth and love for humanity and disapproval of contentious attitudes that adhere to narrow and sectarian loyalties and teachings.

Faqr

In maintaining the material world, Muhammad Iqbal strongly supports an active lifestyle. However, Iqbal is aware of the fact that people today find it very difficult to control their desire to multiply material things. Because, apart from the demands of life's burdens, there is also the desire to become richer.

Location:

Share :